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IELTS is the language of paraphrases. In other words, the words in the questions are not exactly the words
you see in the text. However, their synonyms, antonyms and similar
words are given. Read the following texts.
Activity 1.
The first thing discovered is that music triggers the production of dopamine a chemical with a key role in setting people's moods by the neurons (nerve cells) in both the dorsal and ventral regions of the brain. As these two regions have long been linked with the experience of pleasure, this finding isn't particularly surprising. |
Now read the following summary and fill in the blanks.
It was noted that music stimulates the brain’s neurons a substance called ---------- in two parts of the brain which are associated with feeling ----------. |
To see the significance of paraphrase language, look at the following table.
The word in the question | The word in the passage |
noted | discovered |
stimulates | triggers |
substance | chemical |
two | both |
parts | regions |
associated | linked |
Activity 2.
‘I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any subject.’ That was the founder’s motto for Cornell University, and it seems an apt characterization of the different University, also in the USA, where I currently teach philosophy. A student can prepare for a career in resort management, engineering, interior design, accounting, music, law enforcement, you name it. But what would the founders of these two institutions have thought of a course called ‘Arson for profit’? I kid you not: we have it on the books. Any undergraduate who have met the academic requirements can sign up for the course in our program in ‘fire science’. Naturally, the course is intended for perspective arson investigators, who can learn all the tricks of the trade for detecting whether a fire was deliberately set, discovering who did it, and establishing a chain of evidence for effective persecution in a court of law. But wouldn't this also be a perfect course for perspective arsonist to sign up for? My point is not to criticize academic programs in fire science: they are highly welcome as part of the increasing professionalization of this and many other occupations. However, it's not unknown for a firefighter to torch a building. This example suggests how dishonest and illegal behavior, with the help of higher education, can creep into every aspect of public and business life. |
Now read the following summary and fill in the blanks.
This is a university course intended for students who are undergraduates and who are studying ----1----. The expectation is that they will become ----2---- specializing in arson. The course will help them to detect cases of arson and find ----3---- of criminal intent, leading to successful ----4---- in the courts. |
To see the significance of paraphrase language, look at the following table.
The words in the question | The words in the passage |
undergraduates | any undergraduate |
expectation is that | intended |
they will become | perspective |
find | detect |
criminal intent | fire was deliberately set |
successful | effective |